Feline Acromegaly

Acromegaly in cats results from excessive growth hormone production due to a pituitary tumor, causing enlarged head, paws, and abdomen. This growth hormone surplus also triggers insulin resistance, leading to concurrent diabetes mellitus. Radiographic and imaging techniques play a pivotal role in diagnosing this complex condition, which is often associated with musculoskeletal changes and cardiomegaly. The transition from hypersomatotropism to acromegaly involves the interplay of growth hormone and IGF-1.

Imaging tests play a crucial role in diagnosing acromegaly in cats. Thoracic radiography often reveals cardiomegaly, while symptomatic cases can show signs of congestive heart failure. Echocardiographic changes include thickening of heart walls. Abdominal imaging highlights hepatosplenomegaly and renomegaly. Radiographically, skeletal changes and boney alterations like hyperostosis can occur.

For accurate pituitary evaluation, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is essential. These techniques typically identify pituitary masses, confirming the condition. However, recent advances allow about 10% of cases to evade detection. Integrating imaging results with clinical signs aids in acromegaly diagnosis, ruling out other insulin-resistant disorders.

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REFERENCES

• Greco DS. Topical Review: Feline Acromegaly. Topics in Compan An Med 27 (2012) 31-35. 

• Niessen, SJ. Hypersomatotropism, Acromegaly, and Hyperadrenocorticism and Feline Diabetes Mellitus. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 43 (2), 319-350. ​