BOVINE

Welcome to the Bovine NAVLE Notes: Internal Medicine section on AllVetsLink.

Delve into our extensive notes on bovine medicine, focusing on key topics such as respiratory conditions, metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, and infectious challenges.

Each section is carefully structured to provide clear, concise information, making it easy to find exactly what you need to prepare effectively for the NAVLE.

Notes:

Interdigital Hyperplasia (Corn) in Cattle

Interdigital hyperplasia, commonly known as a "corn," is a fibrous proliferation of skin in the interdigital space of cattle, often associated with chronic irritation, poor hoof conformation, or interdigital dermatitis. This lesion can cause lameness, secondary infections, and discomfort, particularly in heavy, older bulls or animals housed in wet, unhygienic environments.

Bovine Cystitis and Pyelonephritis

Bovine cystitis and pyelonephritis are postpartum ascending bacterial infections, notably by Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium spp., leading to hematuria, pyuria, and stranguria. Diagnosis involves urinalysis and culture. Prolonged antimicrobial therapy, guided by susceptibility testing, is essential for effective treatment.

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Explore additional sections of the NAVLE Bovine Notes:

Internal Medicine

Gastrointestinal

Nervous

Musculoskeletal

Pathology

Reproductive

Infectious Diseases
and
Preventive Medicine

Toxicology

Bov IM Sample Questions

NAVLE test sample questions

Bovine: Internal Medicine

Question 1:

Which bacterial pathogens are most commonly implicated in bovine cystitis and pyelonephritis, and what are the primary predisposing factors for these infections?

A. Corynebacterium renale group; factors include parturition trauma and high-protein diets.
B. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Proteus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Trueperella pyogenes; factors include parturition trauma, peak lactation stress, and high-protein diets.
C. Mycoplasma spp.; factors include poor sanitation and overcrowding.
D. Leptospira spp.; factors include standing water and rodent exposure.

Scroll down to discover the answers and detailed explanations for the sample questions.

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NAVLE Answers

Question 1:

Answer: B. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Proteus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Trueperella pyogenes; factors include parturition trauma, peak lactation stress, and high-protein diets.

Explanation:

While the Corynebacterium renale group was historically the primary causative agent, recent findings indicate that bacteria such as E. coli, Staphylococcus spp., Proteus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Trueperella pyogenes are now more frequently isolated in cases of bovine cystitis and pyelonephritis. Predisposing factors include traumatic events like parturition, which can damage the ureteral mucosa, peak lactation stress, and high-protein diets that elevate urine pH, facilitating bacterial colonization.