CANINE
Diseases affecting this system are frequently tested on the NAVLE and require a solid understanding of pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic interpretation, and therapeutic strategies. Common cardiovascular conditions include myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), pericardial effusion, and arrhythmias, while key respiratory disorders include tracheal collapse, brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary hypertension. Recognizing radiographic and echocardiographic changes, interpreting ECGs and arterial blood gases are fundamental for NAVLE success.
Canine Cardiorespiratory Notes:
Heartworm Disease
Canine heartworm disease is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by the filarial parasite Dirofilaria immitis, transmitted by mosquitoes. Adult worms reside in the pulmonary arteries and right heart, leading to pulmonary hypertension, right-sided heart failure, and caval syndrome in severe cases. Clinical signs range from asymptomatic to exercise intolerance, coughing, and dyspnea.
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Canine Oncology NOTE:
Canine lymphoma is a common neoplasm with an unknown etiology, often linked to environmental factors. It predominantly affects middle-aged dogs, particularly Boxers and Golden Retrievers. Diagnosis involves FNA, cytology, PCR, and imaging. The CHOP protocol (Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, Prednisone) is the preferred treatment. Prognosis varies, with B-cell types responding better.
Burgess, K.E. (2020). Lymphomas. In D.S. Bruyette (Ed.), Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine (Vol. II, pp. 1231-1239). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
