CANINE

This section covers the most clinically relevant endocrine disorders in dogs, including hyperadrenocorticism, hypoadrenocorticism, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and insulinoma. Each condition is explored through its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and treatment protocols to help you build strong clinical reasoning skills and prepare confidently for NAVLE scenarios.

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Canine Hyperadrenocorticism

Canine hyperadrenocorticism is a common endocrine disorder caused by chronic excess cortisol production, most often due to a pituitary adenoma (PDH) or an adrenal tumor (AT). Clinical signs are progressive and include polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, abdominal distension, muscle weakness, and dermatologic changes such as alopecia and thin skin. Diagnosis requires integration of clinical findings with screening tests like the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDS), ACTH stimulation test, and abdominal ultrasound.

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